Which of the following is Mendel's Law of Independence?

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Mendel's Law of Independence, also known as the law of independent assortment, states that alleles for different traits segregate independently of one another when forming gametes during meiosis. This means that the inheritance of one trait will not influence the inheritance of a different trait, provided that the genes controlling these traits are located on different chromosomes or are far apart on the same chromosome. This principle was derived from Mendel's experiments with dihybrid crosses, where he observed that the distribution of alleles for one trait did not affect the distribution of alleles for another trait.

In the context of the other options, traits being inherited together suggests a linkage that contradicts the independence of allele segregation. The idea that dominant traits mask recessive traits addresses the relationship between alleles of a single gene rather than the assortment of alleles across multiple genes. Codominance refers to a relationship between alleles of a single gene rather than a principle of assortment of alleles during gamete formation. Therefore, the correct understanding focuses on the independence of alleles as they segregate into gametes.